About the Book: Occupational Migration in Rural India: Farming to Toto Driving
This book explores the socio-economic shift from traditional farming to Toto
driving in rural and peri-urban India, highlighting the causes and impacts of
this occupational migration. Toto, a battery-operated e-rickshaw, initially
emerged in urban areas but has become a key public transport option across
urban, peri-urban, and rural regions due to its eco-friendliness, affordability,
and ability to generate moderate daily incomes of ?300-?500 in states like West
Bengal. Through field research, the book examines the factors driving this
transformation, including the declining profitability of agriculture and the
seasonal nature of farming. It delves into the