As scientific understanding about ecological processes has grown, the idea that
ecosystem dynamics are complex, nonlinear, and often unpredictable has gained
prominence. Of particular importance is the idea that rather than following an
inevitable progression toward an ultimate endpoint, some ecosystems may occur in
a number of states depending on past and present ecological conditions. The
emerging idea of "restoration thresholds" also enables scientists to recognize
when ecological systems are likely to recover on their own and when active
restoration efforts are needed. Conceptual models based on alternative stable
states and restoration thresholds can help inform restoration efforts. "New
Models for Ecosystem Dynamics and Restoration" brings together leading