In the mid-1930s Herbert W. Armstrong, an unsuccessful American advertising
executive, founded a millennialist Sabbatarian Christian sect with a heterodox
theology. Over the next half century, despite a number of setbacks, scandals,
criticisms, and attacks from former members and anti-cultists, Armstrong's
organization, the Worldwide Church of God, grew to around 100,000 baptized
members with a world circulation of over six million for its flagship monthly
magazine Plain Truth. In January 1986, Armstrong died. His successor changed
most of the church's distinctive doctrines, leading it towards an increasing
convergence with mainstream Evangelical Christianity. This created a massive
cognitive dissonance in ministers and members: should they accept or reject the
authority